This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical, "hands-on" approach to the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. It is a resource of evidence-based information for those who are practicing in this fascinating field as reproductive endocrinologists, fertility specialists, urologists, gynecologists and general practitioners. This chapter has been revised with a particular focus on current challenges in the management of severe male infertility. The chapter gives an overview of the genetic and chromosomal contribution to abnormal sperm production and covers the latest advances in the investigation of the topical DNA fragmentation and newest sperm selections strategies. Therapeutic interventions are presented in detail, mainly in the areas of sperm retrieval, varicocele repair and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection, including potential complications and extreme challenges as complete failed fertilization. Various approaches to fertility preservation are described, including advances in prepubertal fertility preservation. The current chapter is a resource for those who wish to familiarize themselves with multiple aspects of donor sperm usage.
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